[转帖]C# Task详解
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1、Task产生背景
正是在这种背景下, static void Main(string[] args) { Task t = new Task(() => { Console.WriteLine("任务开始工作……"); Thread.Sleep(5000); //模拟工作过程 }); t.Start(); t.ContinueWith(task => { Console.WriteLine("任务完成,完成时候的状态为:"); Console.WriteLine("IsCanceled={0}\tIsCompleted={1}\tIsFaulted={2}", task.IsCanceled, task.IsCompleted, task.IsFaulted); }); Console.ReadKey(); } 2、Task使用方法2.1 创建和启动任务2.1.1 无返回值的方式方式1:调用Start方法var t1 = new Task(() => TaskMethod("Task 1")); t1.Start(); Task.WaitAll(t1);//等待所有任务结束 任务的状态: 方式2:静态方法RunTask.Run(() => TaskMethod("Task 2")); 方式3:TaskFactory工厂// 方法1. TaskFactory工厂 TaskFactory taskFactory = new TaskFactory() ; taskFactory.StartNew(() => TaskMethod("Task 3")); // 方法2. Task.Factory属性 Task.Factory.StartNew(() => TaskMethod("Task 3")); //或者 var t3=Task.Factory.StartNew(() => TaskMethod("Task 3")); Task.WaitAll(t3); 任务的状态: static void Main(string[] args) { var t1 = new Task(() => TaskMethod("Task 1")); var t2 = new Task(() => TaskMethod("Task 2")); t2.Start(); t1.Start(); Task.WaitAll(t1, t2); Task.Run(() => TaskMethod("Task 3")); Task.Factory.StartNew(() => TaskMethod("Task 4")); //标记为长时间运行任务,则任务不会使用线程池,而在单独的线程中运行。 Task.Factory.StartNew(() => TaskMethod("Task 5"), TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning); #region 常规的使用方式 Console.WriteLine("主线程执行业务处理."); //创建任务 Task task = new Task(() => { Console.WriteLine("使用`System.Threading.Tasks.Task`执行异步操作."); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { Console.WriteLine(i); } }); //启动任务,并安排到当前任务队列线程中执行任务(System.Threading.Tasks.TaskScheduler) task.Start(); Console.WriteLine("主线程执行其他处理"); task.Wait(); #endregion Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.fromSeconds(1)); Console.ReadLine(); } static void TaskMethod(string name) { Console.WriteLine("Task {0} is running on a thread id {1}. Is thread pool thread: {2}", name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread); } 方式4:RunSynchronously同步启动
var task = new Task(() => TaskMethod("Task 1")); task.RunSynchronously(); async/await的实现方式using System; using System.Threading; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace ConsoleApp1 { class Program { async static void AsyncFunction() { await Task.Delay(1); Console.WriteLine("使用`System.Threading.Tasks.Task`执行异步操作."); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { Console.WriteLine(string.Format("AsyncFunction:i={0}", i)); } } public static void Main() { Console.WriteLine("主线程执行业务处理."); AsyncFunction(); Console.WriteLine("主线程执行其他处理"); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Main:i={0}", i)); } Console.ReadLine(); } } } 2.1.2 带返回值的方式方式4:Task<int> task = createTask("Task 1"); task.Start(); int result = task.Result; using System; using System.Threading; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace ConsoleApp1 { class Program { static Task<int> createTask(string name) { return new Task<int>(() => TaskMethod(name)); } static void Main(string[] args) { TaskMethod("Main Thread Task"); Task<int> task = createTask("Task 1"); task.Start(); int result = task.Result; Console.WriteLine("Task 1 Result is: {0}", result); task = createTask("Task 2"); task.RunSynchronously(); //该任务会运行在主线程中 result = task.Result; Console.WriteLine("Task 2 Result is: {0}", result); task = createTask("Task 3"); Console.WriteLine(task.Status); task.Start(); while (!task.IsCompleted) { Console.WriteLine(task.Status); Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.fromSeconds(0.5)); } Console.WriteLine(task.Status); result = task.Result; Console.WriteLine("Task 3 Result is: {0}", result); #region 常规使用方式 //创建任务 Task<int> getsumtask = new Task<int>(() => Getsum()); //启动任务,并安排到当前任务队列线程中执行任务(System.Threading.Tasks.TaskScheduler) getsumtask.Start(); Console.WriteLine("主线程执行其他处理"); getsumtask.Wait(); //等待任务的完成执行过程 Console.WriteLine("任务执行结果:{0}", getsumtask.Result.ToString());//获得任务的执行结果 #endregion } static int TaskMethod(string name) { Console.WriteLine("Task {0} is running on a thread id {1}. Is thread pool thread: {2}", name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread); Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.fromSeconds(2)); return 42; } static int Getsum() { int sum = 0; Console.WriteLine("使用`Task`执行异步操作."); for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { sum += i; } return sum; } } } using System; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace ConsoleApp1 { class Program { public static void Main() { var ret1 = AsyncGetsum(); Console.WriteLine("主线程执行其他处理"); for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) Console.WriteLine("Call Main()"); int result = ret1.Result; //阻塞主线程 Console.WriteLine("任务执行结果:{0}", result); } async static Task<int> AsyncGetsum() { await Task.Delay(1); int sum = 0; Console.WriteLine("使用`Task`执行异步操作."); for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { sum += i; } return sum; } } } 2.2 线程等待、延续和组合2.2.1 Task的线程等待和延续主要以下几类:
public static void Main() { //创建一个任务 Task<int> task = new Task<int>(() => { int sum = 0; Console.WriteLine("使用`Task`执行异步操作."); for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { sum += i; } return sum; }); //启动任务,并安排到当前任务队列线程中执行任务(System.Threading.Tasks.TaskScheduler) task.Start(); Console.WriteLine("主线程执行其他处理"); //任务完成时执行处理。 Task cwt = task.ContinueWith(t => { Console.WriteLine("任务完成后的执行结果:{0}", t.Result.ToString()); }); task.Wait(); cwt.Wait(); Action<string,int> log = (name,time) => { Console.WriteLine($"{name}任务开始..."); Thread.Sleep(time); Console.WriteLine($"{name}任务结束!"); }; List<Task> tasks = new List<Task> { Task.Run(() => log("张三",3000)), Task.Run(() => log("李四",1000)), Task.Run(() => log("王五",2000)) }; //以下语句逐个测试效果 Task.WaitAny(tasks.ToArray()); Task.WaitAll(tasks.ToArray()); Task.WhenAny(tasks.ToArray()).ContinueWith(x => Console.WriteLine("某个Task执行完毕")); Task.WhenAll(tasks.ToArray()).ContinueWith(x => Console.WriteLine("所有Task执行完毕")); Task.Factory.ContinueWhenAny(tasks.ToArray(), x => Console.WriteLine("某个Task执行完毕")); Task.Factory.ContinueWhenAll(tasks.ToArray(), x => Console.WriteLine("所有Task执行完毕")); Console.Read(); } 2.2.2 任务的串行static void Main(string[] args) { ConcurrentStack<int> stack = new ConcurrentStack<int>(); //t1先串行 var t1 = Task.Factory.StartNew(() => { stack.Push(1); stack.Push(2); }); //t2,t3并行执行 var t2 = t1.ContinueWith(t => { int result; stack.TryPop(out result); Console.WriteLine("Task t2 result={0},Thread id {1}", result, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId); }); //t2,t3并行执行 var t3 = t1.ContinueWith(t => { int result; stack.TryPop(out result); Console.WriteLine("Task t3 result={0},Thread id {1}", result, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId); }); //等待t2和t3执行完 Task.WaitAll(t2, t3); //t4串行执行 var t4 = Task.Factory.StartNew(() => { Console.WriteLine("当前集合元素个数:{0},Thread id {1}", stack.Count, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId); }); t4.Wait(); } 2.2.3 子任务public static void Main() { Task<string[]> parent = new Task<string[]>(state => { Console.WriteLine(state); string[] result = new string[2]; //创建并启动子任务 new Task(() => { result[0] = "我是子任务1"; }, TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent).Start(); new Task(() => { result[1] = "我是子任务2"; }, TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent).Start(); return result; }, "我是父任务,并在我的处理过程中创建多个子任务,所有子任务完成以后我才会结束执行"); //任务完成后执行 parent.ContinueWith(t => { Array.ForEach(t.Result, r => Console.WriteLine(r)); }); parent.Start(); //启动父任务 parent.Wait();//等待任务结束Wait只能等待父线程结束,没办法等到父线程的ContinueWith结束 Console.ReadLine(); } 2.2.4 动态并行
class Node { public Node Left { get; set; } public Node Right { get; set; } public string Text { get; set; } } class Program { static Node GetNode() { Node root = new Node { Left = new Node { Left = new Node{ Text = "L-L" }, Right = new Node{ Text = "L-R" }, Text = "L" }, Right = new Node { Left = new Node{ Text = "R-L" }, Right = new Node{ Text = "R-R" }, Text = "R" }, Text = "Root" }; return root; } static void Main(string[] args) { Node root = GetNode(); DisplayTree(root); } static void DisplayTree(Node root) { var task = Task.Factory.StartNew(() => DisplayNode(root), CancellationToken.None, TaskCreationOptions.None, TaskScheduler.Default); task.Wait(); } static void DisplayNode(Node current) { if (current.Left != null) Task.Factory.StartNew(() => DisplayNode(current.Left), CancellationToken.None, TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent, TaskScheduler.Default); if (current.Right != null) Task.Factory.StartNew(() => DisplayNode(current.Right), CancellationToken.None, TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent, TaskScheduler.Default); Console.WriteLine("当前节点的值为{0};处理的ThreadId={1}", current.Text, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId); } } 2.3 取消任务private static int TaskMethod(string name, int seconds, CancellationToken token) { Console.WriteLine("Task {0} 正在运行,当前线程id {1}. Is thread pool thread: {2}", name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread); for (int i = 0; i < seconds; i++) { Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.fromSeconds(1)); if (token.IsCancellationRequested) return -1; } return 42 * seconds; } private static void Main(string[] args) { var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(); var longTask = new Task<int>(() => TaskMethod("Task 1", 10, cts.Token), cts.Token); Console.WriteLine(longTask.Status); cts.Cancel(); Console.WriteLine(longTask.Status); Console.WriteLine("第一个任务在执行前已被取消"); cts = new CancellationTokenSource(); longTask = new Task<int>(() => TaskMethod("Task 2", 10, cts.Token), cts.Token); longTask.Start(); for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.fromSeconds(0.5)); Console.WriteLine(longTask.Status); } cts.Cancel(); for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.fromSeconds(0.5)); Console.WriteLine(longTask.Status); } Console.WriteLine("任务已完成,结果为 {0}.", longTask.Result); } 2.4 处理异常2.4.1 单个任务static int TaskMethod(string name, int seconds) { Console.WriteLine("Task {0} is running on a thread id {1}. Is thread pool thread: {2}", name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread); Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.fromSeconds(seconds)); throw new Exception("Boom!"); return 42 * seconds; } static void Main(string[] args) { try { Task<int> task = Task.Run(() => TaskMethod("Task 2", 2)); int result = task.GetAwaiter().GetResult(); Console.WriteLine("Result: {0}", result); } catch (Exception ex) { Console.WriteLine("Task 2 Exception caught: {0}", ex.Message); } Console.WriteLine("----------------------------------------------"); Console.ReadLine(); } 2.4.2 多个任务static int TaskMethod(string name, int seconds) { Console.WriteLine("Task {0} is running on a thread id {1}. Is thread pool thread: {2}", name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread); Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.fromSeconds(seconds)); throw new Exception(string.Format("Task {0} Boom!", name)); return 42 * seconds; } public static void Main(string[] args) { try { var t1 = new Task<int>(() => TaskMethod("Task 3", 3)); var t2 = new Task<int>(() => TaskMethod("Task 4", 2)); var complexTask = Task.WhenAll(t1, t2); var exceptionHandler = complexTask.ContinueWith(t => Console.WriteLine("Result: {0}", t.Result), TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnFaulted ); t1.Start(); t2.Start(); Task.WaitAll(t1, t2); } catch (AggregateException ex) { ex.Handle(exception => { Console.WriteLine(exception.Message); return true; }); } } 2.4.3 async/await的方式class Program { static async Task ThrowNotImplementedExceptionAsync() { throw new NotImplementedException(); } static async Task ThrowInvalidOperationExceptionAsync() { throw new InvalidOperationException(); } static async Task Normal() { await Fun(); } static Task Fun() { return Task.Run(() => { for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) { Console.WriteLine("i={0}", i); Thread.Sleep(200); } }); } static async Task ObserveOneExceptionAsync() { var task1 = ThrowNotImplementedExceptionAsync(); var task2 = ThrowInvalidOperationExceptionAsync(); var task3 = Normal(); try { Task allTasks = Task.WhenAll(task1, task2, task3); //异步的方式 await allTasks; //Task.WaitAll(task1, task2, task3); //同步的方式 } catch (NotImplementedException ex) { Console.WriteLine("task1 任务报错!"); } catch (InvalidOperationException ex) { Console.WriteLine("task2 任务报错!"); } catch (Exception ex) { Console.WriteLine("任务报错!"); } } public static void Main() { Task task = ObserveOneExceptionAsync(); Console.WriteLine("主线程继续运行........"); task.Wait(); } } 2.5 Task.fromResult此方法创建一个 class Program { static IDictionary<string, string> cache = new Dictionary<string, string>() { {"0001","A"}, {"0002","B"}, {"0003","C"}, {"0004","D"}, {"0005","E"}, {"0006","F"} }; public static void Main() { Task<string> task = GetValuefromCache("0006"); Console.WriteLine("主程序继续执行。。。。"); string result = task.Result; Console.WriteLine("result={0}", result); } private static Task<string> GetValuefromCache(string key) { Console.WriteLine("GetValuefromCache开始执行。。。。"); string result = string.Empty; //Task.Delay(5000); Thread.Sleep(5000); Console.WriteLine("GetValuefromCache继续执行。。。。"); if (cache.TryGetValue(key, out result)) { return Task.fromResult(result); } return Task.fromResult(""); } } 2.6 Factory.fromAsync简 2.6.1 带回调方式的class Program { private delegate string AsynchronousTask(string threadName); private static string Test(string threadName) { Console.WriteLine("开始..."); Console.WriteLine("线程池是线程吗: {0}", Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread); Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.fromSeconds(2)); Thread.CurrentThread.Name = threadName; return string.Format("线程名称: {0}", Thread.CurrentThread.Name); } private static void Callback(IAsyncResult ar) { Console.WriteLine("开始一个回调..."); Console.WriteLine("传递给callbak的状态: {0}", ar.AsyncState); Console.WriteLine("线程池是线程吗: {0}", Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread); Console.WriteLine("线程池工作线程id: {0}", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId); } //执行的流程是:先执行Test--->Callback--->task.ContinueWith static void Main(string[] args) { AsynchronousTask d = Test; Console.WriteLine("Option 1"); Task<string> task = Task<string>.Factory.fromAsync( d.BeginInvoke("AsyncTaskThread", Callback, "委托异步调用"), d.EndInvoke); task.ContinueWith(t => Console.WriteLine("完成回调, 现在继续! Result: {0}", t.Result)); while (!task.IsCompleted) { Console.WriteLine(task.Status); Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.fromSeconds(0.5)); } Console.WriteLine(task.Status); } } 2.6.2 不带回调方式的class Program { private delegate string AsynchronousTask(string threadName); private static string Test(string threadName) { Console.WriteLine("开始..."); Console.WriteLine("线程池是线程吗: {0}", Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread); Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.fromSeconds(2)); Thread.CurrentThread.Name = threadName; return string.Format("线程名称: {0}", Thread.CurrentThread.Name); } //执行的流程是:先执行Test--->task.ContinueWith static void Main(string[] args) { AsynchronousTask d = Test; Task<string> task = Task<string>.Factory.fromAsync( d.BeginInvoke, d.EndInvoke, "AsyncTaskThread", "委托异步调用"); task.ContinueWith(t => Console.WriteLine("任务完成,现在运行一个延续! Result: {0}", t.Result)); while (!task.IsCompleted) { Console.WriteLine(task.Status); Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.fromSeconds(0.5)); } Console.WriteLine(task.Status); } } 2.6.3 Task启动带参数和返回值的函数任务方法1private int MyTest(object i) { this.Invoke(new Action(() => { pictureBox1.Visible = true; })); System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(3000); MessageBox.Show("hello:" + i); this.Invoke(new Action(() => { pictureBox1.Visible = false; })); return 0; } private void Call() { //Func<string, string> funcOne = delegate(string s){ return "fff"; }; object i = 55; var t = Task<int>.Factory.StartNew(new Func<object, int>(MyTest), i); } 方法2private async Task<int> MyTest(object i) { this.Invoke(new Action(() => { pictureBox1.Visible = true; })); HttpClient client = new HttpClient(); var a = await client.GetAsync("http://www.baidu.com"); Task<string> s = a.Content.ReadAsStringAsync(); MessageBox.Show (s.Result); this.Invoke(new Action(() => { pictureBox1.Visible = false; })); return 0; } async private void Call() { object i = 55; var t = Task<Task<int>>.Factory.StartNew(new Func<object, Task<int>>(MyTest), i); } 方法3private async void MyTest() { this.Invoke(new Action(() => { pictureBox1.Visible = true; })); HttpClient client = new HttpClient(); var a = await client.GetAsync("http://www.baidu.com"); Task<string> s = a.Content.ReadAsStringAsync(); MessageBox.Show (s.Result); this.Invoke(new Action(() => { pictureBox1.Visible = false; })); } private void Call() { var t = Task.Run(new Action(MyTest)); //相当于 //Thread th= new Thread(new ThreadStart(MyTest)); //th.Start(); } 2.7 使用IProgress
class Program { static void DoProcessing(IProgress<int> progress) { for (int i = 0; i <= 100; ++i) { Thread.Sleep(100); if (progress != null) { progress.Report(i); } } } static async Task Display() { //当前线程 var progress = new Progress<int>(percent => { Console.Clear(); Console.Write("{0}%", percent); }); //线程池线程 await Task.Run(() => DoProcessing(progress)); Console.WriteLine(""); Console.WriteLine("结束"); } public static void Main() { Task task = Display(); task.Wait(); } } --------------------------------- https://www.cnblogs.com/zhaoshujie/p/11082753.html 该文章在 2023/5/20 12:01:34 编辑过 |
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